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The Danish natural philosopher Hans Christian Ørsted, b. Aug. 14, 1777, d. Mar 9, 1851, discovered electromagnetic induction while giving a lecture demonstration in 1820. In addition to electromagnetism he worked on the compressibility of gases and liquids and on diamagnetism. Ørsted received his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen in 1799.

His youthful adoption of Immanuel Kant's philosophy endured, although he modified Kant's ideas by belief in a fundamental unity of the forces of nature. The popularity of his public lectures gained him an extraordinary professorship at the University of Copenhagen in 1806, and he became director (1829) of the Polytechnic Institute in Copenhagen.

J. Z. Fullmer

Source: The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia

Hans Christian Ørsted also spelled Oersted (b. Aug. 14, 1777, Rudkøbing, Den.--d. March 9, 1851, Copenhagen), Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric current in a wire can deflect a magnetized compass needle, a phenomenon the importance of which was rapidly recognized and which inspired the development of electromagnetic theory.

In 1806 Ørsted became a professor at the University of Copenhagen, where his first physical researches dealt with electric currents and acoustics. During an evening lecture in April 1820, Ørsted discovered that a magnetic needle aligns itself perpendicularly to a current-carrying wire, definite experimental evidence of the relationship between electricity and magnetism. This phenomenon had been first discovered by the Italian jurist Gian Domenico Romagnosi in 1802, but his announcement was ignored.

Ørsted's discovery (1820) of piperine, one of the pungent components of pepper, was an important contribution to chemistry, as was his preparation of metallic aluminum in 1825. In 1824 he founded a society devoted to the spread of scientific knowledge among the general public. Since 1908 this society has awarded an Ørsted Medal for outstanding contributions by Danish physical scientists. In 1932 the name oersted was adopted for the physical unit of magnetic field strength.

Source: Britannica Online

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